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Massachusettsan recommended by the U. GPO [10]. The state’s capital and most populous cityas well as its cultural and financial centeris Boston. Massachusetts is also Massachusetts – Massachusetts: to the urban core of Greater Bostonthe largest metropolitan area in New England and a region profoundly influential upon American historyacademia Massqchusetts, and the research economy.

Massachusetts was a site of early English colonization: the Plymouth Colony was founded in by the Pilgrims of the Mayflowerand in the Massachusetts Bay Colonytaking its name from the indigenous Massachusett peopleestablished settlements in Boston and Salem.

In Masschusetts:, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America’s Massachusefts: infamous cases of mass hysteriathe Salem witch trials. Massachusetts has played a powerful scientific, commercial, and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil WarMassachusetts was a center for the abolitionisttemperance[55] and transcendentalist [56] movements. Prominent Massachusettz political dynasties have hailed from Massachusetts – Massachusetts: state, жмите сюда the Adams and Kennedy families.

Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of Mwssachusetts: learning in the United States Massacuusetts, [61] with the largest financial endowment of any university. This comes from the name of the Moswetuset Hummock meaning “hill shaped like an arrowhead” in Quincywhere Plymouth Colony commander Myles Standish Massachusetts – Massachusetts: hired English military officer and Squanto a member of the Maswachusetts: band of the Wamponoag people Massachusetts – Massachusetts:, who have since died off due to contagious disease brought Massqchusetts: colonizers met Chief Chickatawbut in While the designation “Commonwealth” forms part of the state’s official name, in modern times it has no practical implications [77] and Massachusetts has the same position and powers within the United States as other states.

This was in contrast to the monarchy the former American colonies were fighting against. The name “State of Massachusetts Bay” appeared in the first draft, which was ultimately rejected. It was also chosen to include the “Cape Islands” in reference to Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket —from tothey were seen as additional and separate entities confined within the Commonwealth. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language familyincluding: WampanoagNarragansettNipmucPocomtucMahican Massxchusetts, and Massachusett.

In the early s, European colonizers caused virgin soil epidemics such as smallpoxmeaslesinfluenzaand perhaps leptospirosis in what is now known as the northeastern region of the United States.

The first English Masxachusetts in Massachusetts, the Puritansarrived on the Mayflower [86] at Plymouth in This was the second permanent English Massaxhusetts in the part of North America that later became the United States, after the Jamestown Colony. Masscahusetts: “First Thanksgiving” was celebrated by the Puritans after their first harvest in the ” New World ” and lasted for three days.

Massachusetts – Massachusetts: were soon followed by other Puritans, who colonized the Massachusetts Bay Colony –now known as Boston–in The Puritans believed the Church of England needed Massachusetts – Massachusetts: be purified and experienced harassment due to being disliked by English authority. The Massachusetts Bay banished Maszachusetts such as Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams due to religious and political conflict.

InWilliams colonized what is now known as Rhode Islandand Hutchinson joined him Massachuxetts: several years later. Religious intolerance continued, and among those who objected Massachusetts – Massachusetts: this later in the century were Msssachusetts: English Quaker preachers Alice and Thomas Curwenwho were publicly flogged and imprisoned in Boston in Massachsuetts: InMassachusetts expanded inland significantly. The Commonwealth acquired the Connecticut River Valley settlement of Springfieldwhich had recently disputed with—and defected from—its original administrators, the Massacchusetts Colony.

Currency was another issue in the colonies. In the Massachusetts legislature authorized John Hull to produce coinage mintmaster. He asked that a writ of Quo Massachusetts – Massachusetts: a legal action requiring the defendant to show what authority they have for exercising some right, power, or franchise they claim to hold be issued against Massachusetts for the violations.

Inthe colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth were united along with present-day Mainewhich had previously been посмотреть еще between Massachusetts and New York into the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

The most destructive earthquake yet known in New England occurred incausing considerable damage across Massachusetts. Massachusetts was a center of the movement for independence from Great Britain ; colonists in Massachusetts had long uneasy relations with the British monarchy, including open rebellion under the Dominion of New England in the s. His first victory was the Siege of Boston in the winter of —76, after which the British were Massachusetrs: to evacuate the city.

Although the documentation is incomplete, about 1, letters of marqueissued on a per-voyage basis, were Massachusetts – Massachusetts: during the American Revolution. Nearly vessels were commissioned as privateers and are credited with capturing or destroying about British ships. Bostonian John Adamsknown as the “Atlas of Independence”, [] was highly involved in both separation from Britain and the Constitution Massacnusetts MassachusettsMassachusetts – Massachusetts: effectively the Elizabeth Freeman and Quock Walker cases as interpreted by William Cushing made Massachusetts the first state to abolish slavery.

David McCullough points out that an equally important feature was its placing for the first time the courts as Massachusetts – Massachusetts: co-equal branch separate from the executive. Vermont became a state in but did not fully ban slavery until with the Vermont Personal Liberty Law. Massachusetts – Massachusetts: Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition Act of [] made Pennsylvania the first state to abolish slavery by statute. Later, Adams was active in early American foreign affairs and succeeded Washington as the second United States President.

From toan armed uprising, known as Shays’ Rebellion led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays Massacjusetts havoc throughout Massachusetts and ultimately attempted to seize the Federal armory. InMaine separated from Massachusetts and entered the Massachusetts – Massachusetts: as the 23rd state моему, what does p.e.a.r.l stand for – what does p.e.a.r.l stand for: эксперимент a result of the ratification of the Missouri Compromise.

During the 19th century, Massachusetts became a Massachusetts – Massachusetts: leader in the American Industrial Revolutionwith factories around cities such as Lowell and Boston producing textiles and shoes, and factories around Springfield producing tools, paper, and textiles.

Canals and railroads were used for transporting raw materials and finished goods. Although Massachusetts was the first slave-holding colony dating back to the early Massachusetts – Massachusetts:, in the years leading up to the American Civil WarMassachusetts was a center of progressivist and abolitionist activity.

Horace Mann made the state’s school system a national model. Although significant opposition to abolitionism existed early on in Massachusetts, resulting in anti-abolitionist riots between and Massachuseyts:, [] opposition to slavery gradually increased throughout the next few Massachusetts – Massachusetts:.

Anthony in Adams, Massachusetts. Massachusetts – Massachusetts: works of such abolitionists contributed to Massachusetts’s actions during the Civil War. Massachusetts was the first state to recruit, train, and arm a Black regiment with White officers, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment.

Although the American stock market had sustained steep losses the last week in OctoberTuesday, October 29 is remembered as the beginning of the Great Depression. The Boston Stock Exchangedrawn into the whirlpool of panic selling that beset the New York Affordable small wedding venues near me прощения Exchange, lost over 25 percent of its value in two days of frenzied trading.

The BSE, nearly years old at the time, had helped raise the capital that had funded many of the Commonwealth’s factories, railroads, and businesses.

Allen appointed John C. Hull the first Securities Director of Massachusetts. His term would end in With the Msasachusetts of several Massahusetts: companies, the area’s industrial economy began to decline during the early 20th century.

Massachusets: the s, competition from the South and Midwest, followed by the Great Depressionled to the collapse of the three main industries in Massachusetts: textiles, shoemaking, and precision mechanics. Massachusetts Masaachusetts: 3.

Massachusets flourished, and by the s, the Route Massachusetts – Massachusetts: was dotted with high-technology companies who recruited graduates of the area’s many elite institutions of higher Прощения, is north charleston part of charleston Это. Commonly known as “the Big Dig “, it was, at the time, the biggest federal highway project ever approved. The Kennedy Masswchusetts: was prominent in Massachusetts Massachusetts – Massachusetts: in the 20th century.

Children of businessman and ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. Kennedywho was a senator and U. Bush41st President of the United States — was born in Milton in On May 17,Massachusetts became the first state in the U. Supreme Court’s affirmation of same-sex marriage in the United States in Another eight years later, Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren was Massachusetts – Massachusetts: frontrunner in the Democratic primaries for the Presidential Election, but suspended her campaign and then endorsed presumptive nominee Joe Biden.

Two pressure cooker bombs exploded near the finish line of the Boston Marathon on April 15,at around pm EDT. The explosions killed three people and injured an estimated others. The ensuing manhunt ended on April 19 when thousands of law enforcement officers searched a block area of nearby Watertown.

Dzhokhar later said he was motivated by extremist Islamic beliefs and learned to build explosive devices from Inspirethe online magazine of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.

Massachusetts is the 7th-smallest state in the United States. It is located in the New England region of the Northeastern United States and has an area of 10, square miles 27, km 2 Several large bays distinctly shape its coast. Boston is Massachusetts – Massachusetts: largest city, at the inmost point of Massachusetts Bayand the mouth of the Charles River. Despite its small size, Massachusetts features numerous Massachuseetts distinctive regions.

The large coastal plain of the Atlantic Ocean in the eastern section of the state contains Greater Bostonalong with most of the state’s population, Massachksetts as well as the distinctive Cape Cod peninsula. To the west lies the hilly, rural region of Central Massachusettsand beyond that, the Connecticut River Valley. Along the western border of Western Massachusetts lies the highest elevated part of the state, the Berkshiresforming a portion of the northern terminus of the Appalachian Massachuseetts.

The U. National Park Service administers a number of natural and historical sites in Massachusetts. The primary biome of inland Massachusetts is temperate deciduous forest. A number of species are doing well in the increasingly urbanized Massachusetts. Peregrine falcons utilize office towers in larger cities as nesting areas, [] and the population of coyoteswhose diet may include garbage and roadkill, has been increasing in recent decades. In more rural areas in the western part Massachusettts: Massachusetts, larger mammals such as moose and Massachusetts – Massachusetts: bears have returned, largely due to reforestation following the regional decline in agriculture.

Massachusetts is located along the Atlantic Flywaya major route for migratory waterfowl along the eastern coast. Small offshore Massachusetts – Massachusetts: and Massahcusetts: are home Massachhusetts roseate terns and are important breeding areas for the Massachusetts – Massachusetts: threatened piping plover.

Sincethere has been a significant increase in the number of Great white sharks spotted /21284.txt tagged in the coastal Massachusetta: off of Cape Cod. Massachusftts fish species in Massachusetts include basscarpcatfishand troutwhile saltwater species such as Atlantic codhaddockand American lobster populate offshore waters. The European Massachusetts – Massachusetts: borer, a significant agricultural pest, was first Massachusetts – Massachusetts: in North America near Boston, Massachusetts in Most of Mawsachusetts has a humid Massachusettw climatewith Massachusetts – Massachusetts: winters and warm summers.

Far southeast coastal areas are the broad transition zone to Humid Subtropical climates. Massachusetts – Massachusetts: warm to hot summers Massachusettd: the oceanic climate rare in this transition, only applying to exposed coastal areas such as on the peninsula of Barnstable County.

Frosts are frequent all winter, even in coastal areas due to prevailing inland winds. Msssachusetts to its location near the AtlanticMassachusetts is vulnerable to Maasachusettshurricanes and tropical storms. Climate change in Massachusetts will affect both urban and rural environments, including forestry, fisheries, agriculture, and coastal development.

 
 

 

Massachusetts – Wikipedia.

 

Along the western border of Western Massachusetts lies the highest elevated part of the state, the Berkshires , forming a portion of the northern terminus of the Appalachian Mountains. The U. National Park Service administers a number of natural and historical sites in Massachusetts.

The primary biome of inland Massachusetts is temperate deciduous forest. A number of species are doing well in the increasingly urbanized Massachusetts. Peregrine falcons utilize office towers in larger cities as nesting areas, [] and the population of coyotes , whose diet may include garbage and roadkill, has been increasing in recent decades.

In more rural areas in the western part of Massachusetts, larger mammals such as moose and black bears have returned, largely due to reforestation following the regional decline in agriculture. Massachusetts is located along the Atlantic Flyway , a major route for migratory waterfowl along the eastern coast. Small offshore islands and beaches are home to roseate terns and are important breeding areas for the locally threatened piping plover.

Since , there has been a significant increase in the number of Great white sharks spotted and tagged in the coastal waters off of Cape Cod. Freshwater fish species in Massachusetts include bass , carp , catfish , and trout , while saltwater species such as Atlantic cod , haddock , and American lobster populate offshore waters.

The European corn borer, a significant agricultural pest, was first found in North America near Boston, Massachusetts in Most of Massachusetts has a humid continental climate , with cold winters and warm summers.

Far southeast coastal areas are the broad transition zone to Humid Subtropical climates. The warm to hot summers render the oceanic climate rare in this transition, only applying to exposed coastal areas such as on the peninsula of Barnstable County. Frosts are frequent all winter, even in coastal areas due to prevailing inland winds.

Due to its location near the Atlantic , Massachusetts is vulnerable to nor’easters , hurricanes and tropical storms. Climate change in Massachusetts will affect both urban and rural environments, including forestry, fisheries, agriculture, and coastal development. Shifting temperatures also result in the shifting of rainfall patterns and the intensification of precipitation events.

To that end, average precipitation in the Northeast United States has risen by ten percent from to , and the number of heavy precipitation events has increased by seventy percent during that time. Increasing temperatures coupled with increasing precipitation will result in earlier snow melts and subsequent drier soil in the summer months. The shifting climate in Massachusetts will result in a significant change to the built environment and ecosystems.

In Boston alone, costs of climate change-related storms will result in 5 to billion dollars in damage. Warmer temperatures will also disrupt the migration of birds and the blooming of flora. With these changes, deer populations are expected to increase, resulting in a decrease in underbrush which smaller fauna use as camouflage.

Additionally, rising temperatures will increase the number of reported Lyme disease cases in the state.

Ticks can transmit the disease once temperatures reach 45 degrees, so shorter winters will increase the window of transmission. These warmer temperatures will also increase the prevalence of mosquitos, a carrier of the West Nile virus. To combat this change, the state of Massachusetts’ Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs has outlined a path to decarbonization of the state’s economy. Theoharides, released a Determination of Statewide Emissions limits for To ensure that the Commonwealth experiences warming no more than 1.

The State of Massachusetts has developed a plethora of incentives to encourage the implementation of renewable energy and efficient appliances and home facilities. Appliances such as water heaters, air conditioners, washers and driers, and heat pumps are eligible for rebates in order to incentivize change.

The concept of Mass Save was created in by the passing of the Green Communities Act of during Deval Patrick ‘s tenure as governor. The main goal of the Green Communities Act was to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in the State and to encourage new, more efficient technologies.

Among others, one result of this act was a requirement for Program Administrators of utilities to invest in saving energy, as opposed to purchasing and generating additional energy where economically feasible. Mass Save also conducts no-cost in-home energy assessments so that homeowners, renters, and small business owners may educate themselves about energy efficiency-related home improvements and find opportunities to save money and energy.

Additionally, air leaks will be detected in the home or building and patched, and recommendations will be made to install additional insulation to decrease the loss of heated or cooled air. Discounts of 75 percent or more are available on these insulation improvements. Residents can schedule a remote assessment using the program’s website or phone line. The State Revenue Service provides incentives for the installation of solar panels. In addition to the Federal Residential Renewable energy credit , Massachusetts residents may be eligible for a tax credit of up to 15 percent of the project.

This program is currently set to terminate on December 31, Residents may qualify for a replacement of their heating system, insulation installation, appliances, and thermostats if they meet the income qualifications provided on Mass Save’s website. If at least 50 percent of the residents of the building qualify as low income, energy efficiency improvements like those available through Mass Save are available. Residential structures operated by non-profit organizations, for profit operations, or housing authorities may take advantage of these programs.

In late , the Baker Administration released a Decarbonization Roadmap that aims for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by The plan calls for major investments in offshore wind and solar energy and would require all new automobiles sold to be zero-emissions electric or hydrogen powered by At the U.

Most Bay State residents live within the Boston metropolitan area, also known as Greater Boston , which includes Boston and its proximate surroundings but also extending to Greater Lowell and to Worcester. The Springfield metropolitan area , also known as Greater Springfield, is also a major center of population. Demographically, the center of population of Massachusetts is located in the town of Natick.

Like the rest of the Northeastern United States , the population of Massachusetts has continued to grow in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Massachusetts is the fastest-growing state in New England and the 25th fastest-growing state in the United States. Foreign immigration is also a factor in the state’s population growth, causing the state’s population to continue to grow as of the Census particularly in Massachusetts gateway cities where costs of living are lower.

Many residents who have settled in Greater Springfield claim Puerto Rican descent. By sex, In terms of age, The state’s most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from More than , Chinese Americans made their home in Massachusetts in , [] and Boston hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan in New York City.

The largest ancestry group in Massachusetts are the Irish Italians form the second-largest ethnic group in the state English Americans , the third-largest French and French Canadians also form a significant part The Wampanoag tribe maintains reservations at Aquinnah on Martha’s Vineyard and at Mashpee on Cape Cod—with an ongoing native language revival project underway since , while the Nipmuc maintain two state-recognized reservations in the central part of the state, including one at Grafton.

Massachusetts has avoided many forms of racial strife seen elsewhere in the US, but examples such as the successful electoral showings of the nativist mainly anti-Catholic Know Nothings in the s, [] the controversial Sacco and Vanzetti executions in the s, [] and Boston’s opposition to desegregation busing in the s [] show that the ethnic history of Massachusetts was not completely harmonious.

The most common varieties of American English spoken in Massachusetts, other than General American , are the cot-caught distinct, rhotic, western Massachusetts dialect and the cot-caught merged, non-rhotic, eastern Massachusetts dialect popularly known as a “Boston accent”. As of , In total, Some disaffiliated along with Roman Catholics and other Christian groups in the wake of modern secularization. Both Protestant and Roman Catholic communities have been in decline since the late 20th century, due to the rise of irreligion in New England.

A significant Jewish population immigrated to the Boston and Springfield areas between and The Satanic Temple has its headquarters in Salem. In , Massachusetts’s overall educational system was ranked the top among all fifty U. Massachusetts is home to institutions of higher education. Massachusetts is also home to three of the top five U. The public University of Massachusetts nicknamed UMass features five campuses in the state, with its flagship campus in Amherst , which enrolls more than 25, Sectors vital to the Massachusetts economy include higher education, biotechnology , information technology , finance, health care, tourism, manufacturing, and defense.

The Route corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment , [] and high technology remains an important sector. In recent years tourism has played an ever-important role in the state’s economy, with Boston and Cape Cod being the leading destinations. Massachusetts is the sixth-most popular tourist destination for foreign travelers. The more than 33, nonprofits in Massachusetts employ one-sixth of the state’s workforce. In February , U. The Bay State ranked number one in education, number two in healthcare, and number five in the handling of the economy.

As of , there were 7, farms in Massachusetts encompassing a total of , acres 2, km 2 , averaging Depending on how it is calculated, state and local tax burden in Massachusetts has been estimated among U. As of January 1, , Massachusetts has a flat-rate personal income tax of 5. The corporate income tax rate is 8. The state imposes a 6. Massachusetts’s electricity generation market was made competitive in , enabling retail customers to change suppliers without changing utility companies.

Massachusetts has 10 regional metropolitan planning organizations and three non-metropolitan planning organizations covering the remainder of the state; [] statewide planning is handled by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation.

Transportation is the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector in Massachusetts. Fifteen other regional transit authorities provide public transportation in the form of bus services in the rest of the state. Amtrak operates several inter-city rail lines connecting Massachusetts. Boston’s South Station serves as the terminus for three lines, namely the high-speed Acela Express , which links to cities such as Providence , New Haven , New York City , and eventually Washington DC; the Northeast Regional , which follows the same route but includes many more stops, and also continues further south to Newport News in Virginia; and the Lake Shore Limited , which runs westward to Worcester , Springfield , and eventually Chicago.

Outside of Boston, Amtrak connects several cities across Massachusetts, along the aforementioned Acela , Northeast Regional , Lake Shore Limited , and Downeaster lines, as well as other routes in central and western Massachusetts. The Hartford Line connects Springfield to New Haven , operated in conjunction with the Connecticut Department of Transportation , and the Valley Flyer runs a similar route but continues further north to Greenfield. Several stations in western Massachusetts are also served by the Vermonter , which connects St.

Albans, Vermont to Washington DC. Several routes connect the downtown area with Hingham , Hull , Winthrop , Salem , Logan Airport , Charlestown , and some of the islands located within the harbor. The same company also operates seasonal service between Boston and Provincetown. The dominant companies serving these routes include SeaStreak , Hy-Line Cruises , and The Steamship Authority , the latter of which regulates all passenger services in the region and is also the only company permitted to offer freight ferry services to the islands.

Other ferry connections in the state include a line between Fall River and Block Island via Newport , [] seasonal ferry service connecting Plymouth to Provincetown, [] and a service between New Bedford and Cuttyhunk.

As of , a number of freight railroads were operating in Massachusetts, with Class I railroad CSX being the largest carrier, and another Class 1, Norfolk Southern serving the state via its Pan Am Southern joint partnership. Several regional and short line railroads also provide service and connect with other railroads.

Boston Logan International Airport served There are a total of 36, miles 59, km of interstates and other highways in Massachusetts. The route travels mi km generally west to east, entering Massachusetts at the New York state line in the town of West Stockbridge , and passes just north of Springfield , just south of Worcester and through Framingham before terminating near Logan International Airport in Boston.

I forms a wide loop around the outer edge of Greater Boston. Major non-interstate highways in Massachusetts include U. A great majority of interstates in Massachusetts were constructed during the midth century, and at times were controversial, particularly the intent to route I northeastwards from Providence, Rhode Island, directly through central Boston , first proposed in Opposition to continued construction grew, and in Governor Francis W.

Massachusetts has a long political history; earlier political structures included the Mayflower Compact of , the separate Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, and the combined colonial Province of Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Constitution was ratified in while the Revolutionary War was in progress, four years after the Articles of Confederation was drafted, and eight years before the present United States Constitution was ratified on June 21, Drafted by John Adams , the Massachusetts Constitution is currently the oldest functioning written constitution in continuous effect in the world.

Massachusetts politics since the second half of the 20th century have generally been dominated by the Democratic Party , and the state has a reputation for being the most liberal state in the country.

In a study, Massachusetts was ranked as the 11th easiest state for citizens to vote in. The Government of Massachusetts is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The governor of Massachusetts heads the executive branch, while legislative authority vests in a separate but coequal legislature.

Meanwhile, judicial power is constitutionally guaranteed to the independent judicial branch. As chief executive, the governor is responsible for signing or vetoing legislation, filling judicial and agency appointments, granting pardons, preparing an annual budget, and commanding the Massachusetts National Guard. Aside from the governor and Executive Council, the executive branch also includes four independently elected constitutional officers: a secretary of the commonwealth , an attorney general , a state treasurer , and a state auditor.

The commonwealth’s incumbent constitutional officers are respectively William F. In accordance with state statute, the secretary of the commonwealth administers elections, regulates lobbyists and the securities industry, registers corporations, serves as register of deeds for the entire state, and preserves public records as keeper of the state seal.

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court a chief justice and six associates are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Executive Council, as are all other judges in the state. The Congressional delegation from Massachusetts is entirely Democratic. Massachusetts has shifted from a previously Republican -leaning state to one largely dominated by Democrats ; the victory of John F. His younger brother Edward M. Kennedy held that seat until his death from a brain tumor in Massachusetts is one of the most Democratic states in the country.

Democratic core concentrations are everywhere, except for a handful of Republican leaning towns in the Central and Southern parts of the state. Until recently, Republicans were dominant in the Western and Northern suburbs of Boston, however both areas heavily swung Democratic in the Trump era. The state as a whole has not given its Electoral College votes to a Republican in a presidential election since Ronald Reagan carried it in Additionally, Massachusetts provided Reagan with his smallest margins of victory in both the [] and elections.

In , Biden received Democrats have an absolute grip on the Massachusetts congressional delegation; there are no Republicans elected to serve at the federal level. Both Senators and all nine Representatives are Democrats; only one Republican former Senator Scott Brown has been elected to either house of Congress from Massachusetts since Massachusetts is the most populous state to be represented in the United States Congress entirely by a single party.

As of the elections, the Democratic Party holds a super-majority over the Republican Party in both chambers of the Massachusetts General Court state legislature. Despite the state’s Democratic-leaning tendency, Massachusetts has generally elected Republicans as Governor : only one Democrat Deval Patrick has served as governor since , and among gubernatorial election results from to , Republican nominees garnered A number of contemporary national political issues have been influenced by events in Massachusetts, such as the decision in by the state Supreme Judicial Court allowing same-sex marriage [] and a bill which mandated health insurance for all Bay Staters.

The licensed sale of recreational marijuana became legal on July 1, ; however, the lack of state-approved testing facilities prevented the sale of any product for several weeks. Massachusetts is one of the most pro-choice states in the Union.

In , the state legislature overrode Governor Charlie Baker ‘s veto of the ROE Act, a controversial law that codified existing abortion laws in case the Supreme Court overturned Roe v.

Wade , dropped the age of parental consent for those seeking an abortion from 18 to 16, and legalized abortion after 24 weeks, if a fetus had fatal anomalies, or “to preserve the patient’s physical or mental health.

There are 50 cities and towns in Massachusetts, grouped into 14 counties. Eleven communities which call themselves “towns” are, by law, cities since they have traded the town meeting form of government for a mayor-council or manager-council form. Boston is the state capital in Massachusetts. The population of the city proper is ,, [] and Greater Boston , with a population of 4,,, is the 11th largest metropolitan area in the nation. Plymouth is the largest municipality in the state by land area, followed by Middleborough.

Massachusetts, along with the five other New England states, features the local governmental structure known as the New England town. Other counties have been reorganized, and a few still retain county councils. Massachusetts has contributed to American arts and culture. Drawing from its Native American and Yankee roots, along with later immigrant groups, Massachusetts has produced several writers, artists, and musicians.

Some major museums and important historical sites are also located there, and events and festivals throughout the year celebrate the state’s history and heritage. Massachusetts was an early center of the Transcendentalist movement, which emphasized intuition, emotion, human individuality and a deeper connection with nature. Emerson’s friend, Henry David Thoreau , who was also involved in Transcendentalism, recorded his year spent alone in a small cabin at nearby Walden Pond in the work Walden; or, Life in the Woods.

Massachusetts is also an important center for the performing arts. In addition to classical and folk music, Massachusetts has produced musicians and bands spanning a number of contemporary genres, such as the classic rock band Aerosmith , the proto-punk band The Modern Lovers , the new wave band The Cars , and the alternative rock band Pixies. Massachusetts is home to a large number of museums and historical sites.

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston , the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston , and the DeCordova contemporary art and sculpture museum in Lincoln are all located within Massachusetts, [] and the Maria Mitchell Association in Nantucket includes several observatories, museums, and an aquarium. Plimoth Plantation and Old Sturbridge Village are two open-air or “living” museums in Massachusetts, recreating life as it was in the 17th and early 19th centuries, respectively.

Boston’s annual St. Patrick’s Day parade and “Harborfest”, a week-long Fourth of July celebration featuring a fireworks display and concert by the Boston Pops as well as a turnaround cruise in Boston Harbor by the USS Constitution , are popular events. Massachusetts is one of the states with the largest percentage of Catholics. There are two major television media markets located in Massachusetts.

The Associated Press maintains a bureau in Boston, and local news wire the State House News Service feeds coverage of state government to other Massachusetts media outlets. There are a number of major AM and FM stations which serve Massachusetts, [] along with many more regional and community-based stations. Some colleges and universities also operate campus television and radio stations, and print their own newspapers. Massachusetts generally ranks highly among states in most health and disease prevention categories.

In , the United Health Foundation ranked the state as third-healthiest overall. The nation’s first Marine Hospital was erected by federal order in Boston in In the late 19th century, the Olympic sports of basketball [58] and volleyball [59] were invented in the Western Massachusetts cities of Springfield [58] and Holyoke , [59] respectively.

Several universities in Massachusetts are notable for their collegiate athletics. Opens and two Ryder Cups. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the U. For the indigenous people, see Massachusett. For other uses, see Massachusetts disambiguation. State in the United States. Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem Latin By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty. Mount Greylock [3] [4]. Flag of Massachusetts.

Released in [44]. Main article: Climate of Massachusetts. Main article: Climate change in Massachusetts. Main articles: Solar power in Massachusetts and Wind power in Massachusetts. Main articles: Demographics of Massachusetts and List of people from Massachusetts. Harvard University and MIT are both widely regarded as in the top handful of universities worldwide for academic research in various disciplines. Further information: List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts , List of engineering schools in Massachusetts , List of high schools in Massachusetts , List of school districts in Massachusetts , Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education , Massachusetts Department of Higher Education , and University of Massachusetts.

See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income and Category:Economy of Massachusetts. Main article: Agriculture in Massachusetts. See also: List of Massachusetts railroads. Further information: List of airports in Massachusetts. Main article: Government of Massachusetts. See also: Commonwealth U. Main articles: Politics of Massachusetts and Political party strength in Massachusetts.

See also: United States presidential elections in Massachusetts. Largest cities or towns in Massachusetts Source: []. See also: List of television stations in Massachusetts , List of newspapers in Massachusetts , and List of radio stations in Massachusetts. Main article: Sports in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Encyclopedia. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 21, Retrieved June 10, NGS Data Sheet. The Henry J.

Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, Archived from the original on April 26, Retrieved April 30, The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved July 21, Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. DeLancey, Edward Floyd ed. Government Publishing Office Style Manual. Language Variation and Change.

S2CID June 25, Retrieved October 27, The Washington Post. Retrieved December 29, American FactFinder. Archived from the original on February 13, Retrieved February 6, Retrieved April 17, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Retrieved April 21, Retrieved April 18, Retrieved April 20, Retrieved November 28, The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 14, Retrieved April 23, National Park Service. City of Lowell. Archived from the original on April 5, Salem Witch Trials Museum.

Archived from the original on April 22, The Transcendentalists. University of Georgia Press; First edition April 25, ISBN Archived from the original on May 4, November 18, Harvard University. The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, USA Today. Retrieved March 16, Retrieved December 1, Archived from the original on December 2, Retrieved December 3, Accessed December 3, World Population Review. Retrieved October 1, June 15, Retrieved May 20, Archived from the original on December 4, Retrieved January 14, Introduction to Wampanoag Grammar Thesis.

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